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Vibhor GautamandChristian Clauss 12d064871b fix: use geodetic latitudes in haversine distance formula (#14351)
* fix: use geodetic latitudes in haversine distance formula

The implementation was incorrectly using reduced latitudes (via a
flattening factor from WGS84 ellipsoid constants) instead of raw
geodetic latitudes. Reduced latitudes are appropriate for ellipsoidal
models like Lambert's formula, but the Haversine formula operates on
a sphere and should use geodetic latitudes directly.

Changes:
- Use radians(lat) directly instead of computing reduced latitudes
  with atan((1 - flattening) * tan(radians(lat)))
- Replace equatorial radius (6378137m) with mean Earth radius
  (6371000m) for better spherical approximation
- Remove unused WGS84 ellipsoid constants (AXIS_A, AXIS_B)
- Remove unused imports (atan, tan)
- Add edge case and cross-continental doctests

Fixes #11308

* fix: update Lambert's to use corrected haversine radius for central angle

Lambert's ellipsoidal distance computes the central angle sigma by
dividing the haversine distance by a radius. Previously both functions
used the same equatorial radius (6378137m), so the values cancelled
out. After correcting haversine to use the mean Earth radius (6371000m),
Lambert's must divide by the same radius to recover the correct angle.

Also update the expected doctest values to match the corrected
haversine output.

Fixes #11308

* Fix typos

Updated the docstring for the haversine_distance function to improve clarity and fix minor grammatical issues.

* Fix typos in docstring and variable names

* Clarify note on using haversine_distance.py

Updated the note to clarify the use of haversine_distance.py.

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Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
2026-09-12 10:11:49 +02:00
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