diff --git a/packages/core/test/fixture/models.ts b/packages/core/test/fixture/models.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..dfad11c4aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/fixture/models.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import { ModelsDev } from "@opencode-ai/core/models-dev"
+
+// Core is env-free, so the default ModelsDev node refreshes from models.dev
+// unless the graph says otherwise. Real-Location fixtures opt out here; the
+// test harness refuses any request that slips past.
+export const offlineModels = ModelsDev.node.replace(ModelsDev.configured({ fetch: false }))
diff --git a/packages/core/test/formatter.test.ts b/packages/core/test/formatter.test.ts
index c9da6b68dfb..837813b2f22 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/formatter.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/formatter.test.ts
@@ -15,12 +15,14 @@ import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Formatter } from "../src/formatter"
 import { Location } from "../src/location"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    offlineModels,
   ]),
 )
 type ConfigInput = typeof Info.Encoded
diff --git a/packages/core/test/instance-vanilla.test.ts b/packages/core/test/instance-vanilla.test.ts
index 623f1e0c734..3db41381aef 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/instance-vanilla.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/instance-vanilla.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { Plugin } from "@opencode-ai/core/plugin"
 import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { Database } from "../src/database/database"
 import { Bus } from "../src/bus"
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
     )
     const bindings: LayerNode.Replacements = [
       Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+      offlineModels,
       LocationServiceMap.node.replace(Layer.succeed(LocationServiceMap.Service, map)),
       Instance.node.replace(
         Layer.succeed(Instance.Service, {
@@ -61,6 +63,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    offlineModels,
     LocationServiceMap.node.replace(instances),
   ]),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/lib/effect.ts b/packages/core/test/lib/effect.ts
index f179fcb206d..8cc23621b54 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/lib/effect.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/lib/effect.ts
@@ -1,19 +1,48 @@
 import { test, type TestOptions } from "bun:test"
 import { Cause, Effect, Exit, Layer, type Scope } from "effect"
 import { TestClock, TestConsole } from "effect/testing"
+import { FetchHttpClient } from "effect/unstable/http"
 
 type Body<A, E, R> = Effect.Effect<A, E, R> | (() => Effect.Effect<A, E, R>)
 
 const body = <A, E, R>(value: Body<A, E, R>) => Effect.suspend(() => (typeof value === "function" ? value() : value))
 
+const loopback = new Set(["127.0.0.1", "localhost", "[::1]"])
+
+// Core is env-free, so nothing tells the default node graph to stay offline;
+// a test that boots it would phone home through FetchHttpClient. Every
+// FetchHttpClient reads this reference at request time, so refusing here covers
+// each node that shares the default client, while an explicit HttpClient
+// replacement never reaches it. Callers such as ModelsDev swallow request
+// failures, so the harness also records the attempt and fails the test itself.
+export const refuseNetwork = (violations: string[]): typeof fetch =>
+  Object.assign(
+    (input: string | URL | Request, init?: RequestInit) => {
+      const url = typeof input === "string" ? input : input instanceof URL ? input.href : input.url
+      if (loopback.has(new URL(url).hostname)) return fetch(input, init)
+      const method = init?.method ?? (input instanceof Request ? input.method : "GET")
+      const message = `test attempted network request: ${method} ${url} — provide an explicit HttpClient or disable the fetch`
+      violations.push(message)
+      return Promise.reject(new Error(message))
+    },
+    { preconnect: fetch.preconnect },
+  )
+
 const run = <A, E, R, E2>(value: Body<A, E, R | Scope.Scope>, layer: Layer.Layer<R, E2>) =>
   Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const exit = yield* body(value).pipe(Effect.scoped, Effect.provide(layer), Effect.exit)
+    const violations: string[] = []
+    const exit = yield* body(value).pipe(
+      Effect.scoped,
+      Effect.provide(layer),
+      Effect.provideService(FetchHttpClient.Fetch, refuseNetwork(violations)),
+      Effect.exit,
+    )
     if (Exit.isFailure(exit)) {
       for (const err of Cause.prettyErrors(exit.cause)) {
         yield* Effect.logError(err)
       }
     }
+    if (violations.length > 0) return yield* Effect.fail(new Error(violations.join("\n")))
     return yield* exit
   }).pipe(Effect.runPromise)
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts b/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
index dae14c3648a..355351bb77b 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/location-layer.test.ts
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { SessionEvent } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/event"
 import { SessionRunnerModel } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/model"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { toolDefinitions } from "./lib/tool"
 import { Database } from "../src/database/database"
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ import { Tool } from "../src/tool"
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    offlineModels,
   ]),
 )
 const activityLocations = Layer.effect(
diff --git a/packages/core/test/network-guard.test.ts b/packages/core/test/network-guard.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf55ff07d78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/core/test/network-guard.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from "bun:test"
+import { Effect, Layer } from "effect"
+import { FetchHttpClient, HttpClient, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
+import { AppNodeBuilder } from "@opencode-ai/core/effect/app-node-builder"
+import { LayerNodePlatform } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/app-node-platform"
+import { it, refuseNetwork } from "./lib/effect"
+
+describe("test harness network guard", () => {
+  test("refuses requests to hosts other than loopback", async () => {
+    const violations: string[] = []
+    const refused = refuseNetwork(violations)
+    await expect(refused("https://models.opencode.ai/api.json")).rejects.toThrow(
+      "test attempted network request: GET https://models.opencode.ai/api.json — provide an explicit HttpClient or disable the fetch",
+    )
+    await expect(refused(new Request("https://example.invalid/", { method: "POST" }))).rejects.toThrow(
+      "test attempted network request: POST https://example.invalid/",
+    )
+    expect(violations).toHaveLength(2)
+  })
+
+  it.live("the default http client node requests through the harness fetch", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const seen: string[] = []
+      const response = yield* HttpClient.get("https://example.invalid/catalog").pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap((response) => response.text),
+        Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNodePlatform.httpClient)),
+        Effect.provideService(
+          FetchHttpClient.Fetch,
+          Object.assign(
+            (input: string | URL | Request) => {
+              seen.push(typeof input === "string" ? input : input instanceof URL ? input.href : input.url)
+              return Promise.resolve(new Response("from fetch"))
+            },
+            { preconnect: fetch.preconnect },
+          ),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(response).toBe("from fetch")
+      expect(seen).toEqual(["https://example.invalid/catalog"])
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("an explicit HttpClient replacement is what the node sees", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const mock = HttpClient.make((request) =>
+        Effect.succeed(HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, new Response("from mock"))),
+      )
+      const response = yield* HttpClient.get("https://example.invalid/catalog").pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap((response) => response.text),
+        Effect.provide(
+          AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNodePlatform.httpClient, [
+            LayerNodePlatform.httpClient.replace(Layer.succeed(HttpClient.HttpClient, mock)),
+          ]),
+        ),
+      )
+      expect(response).toBe("from mock")
+    }),
+  )
+
+  it.live("loopback requests pass through to the real fetch", () =>
+    Effect.gen(function* () {
+      const server = yield* Effect.acquireRelease(
+        Effect.sync(() => Bun.serve({ hostname: "127.0.0.1", port: 0, fetch: () => new Response("local") })),
+        (server) => Effect.promise(() => server.stop(true)),
+      )
+      const response = yield* HttpClient.get(`http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}/`).pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap((response) => response.text),
+        Effect.provide(AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNodePlatform.httpClient)),
+      )
+      expect(response).toBe("local")
+    }),
+  )
+})
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
index 5c90f8ca503..d0a507b7867 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/provider-opencode.test.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { LLM } from "@opencode-ai/ai"
 import { LLMClient, RequestExecutor } from "@opencode-ai/ai/route"
 import { Money } from "@opencode-ai/schema/money"
 import { Effect, Layer, Stream } from "effect"
+import { HttpClient, HttpClientResponse } from "effect/unstable/http"
 import { Catalog } from "@opencode-ai/core/catalog"
 import { Credential } from "@opencode-ai/core/credential"
 import { Integration } from "@opencode-ai/core/integration"
@@ -608,7 +609,16 @@ describe("OpencodePlugin", () => {
             draft.cost = cost(1)
           })
         })
-        yield* addPlugin()
+        // An env credential has no server metadata, so the plugin would ask the
+        // default Console for remote config; answer 404 (no remote config) locally.
+        yield* addPlugin().pipe(
+          Effect.provideService(
+            HttpClient.HttpClient,
+            HttpClient.make((request) =>
+              Effect.succeed(HttpClientResponse.fromWeb(request, new Response(null, { status: 404 }))),
+            ),
+          ),
+        )
         expect(required(yield* catalog.provider.get(Provider.ID.opencode)).settings?.apiKey).toBeUndefined()
         expect(required(yield* catalog.model.get(Provider.ID.opencode, Model.ID.make("paid"))).enabled).toBe(true)
       }),
diff --git a/packages/core/test/plugin/supervisor.test.ts b/packages/core/test/plugin/supervisor.test.ts
index 81c46c3e2ed..b4c0f0091f7 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/plugin/supervisor.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/plugin/supervisor.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { AbsolutePath } from "@opencode-ai/core/schema"
 import { Database } from "../../src/database/database"
 import { Bus } from "../../src/bus"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "../fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "../fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "../fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "../lib/effect"
 
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
     )
     const bindings: LayerNode.Replacements = [
       Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+      offlineModels,
       LocationServiceMap.node.replace(Layer.succeed(LocationServiceMap.Service, map)),
       Instance.node.replace(
         Layer.succeed(Instance.Service, {
@@ -51,6 +53,7 @@ const instances = Layer.effect(
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SdkPlugins.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    offlineModels,
     LocationServiceMap.node.replace(instances),
   ]),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/preload.ts b/packages/core/test/preload.ts
index 39b237d70a4..8a7fd8ca7f2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/preload.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/preload.ts
@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-import path from "path"
-
 process.env.OPENCODE_DB = ":memory:"
-process.env.OPENCODE_MODELS_PATH = path.join(import.meta.dir, "plugin", "fixtures", "models-dev.json")
-process.env.OPENCODE_DISABLE_MODELS_FETCH = "true"
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-activation.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-activation.test.ts
index ab00e067e9c..b2ba2358bcd 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-activation.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-activation.test.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/util/global"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
     LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SessionProjector.node, Session.node, LocationServiceMap.node]),
     [
       Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+      offlineModels,
       Watcher.node.replace(Watcher.configured({ enabled: false })),
       SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
     ],
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
index e6b7cdac58c..ab49cbfae70 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-create.test.ts
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ import { Workspace } from "@opencode-ai/core/workspace"
 import { Expected } from "./lib/session-message"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-service-map"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { promptLocationNode } from "./fixture/prompt-location"
 import { globalProjectNode } from "./lib/project"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
@@ -61,7 +62,11 @@ const it = testEffect(
 const liveIt = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(
     LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, Project.node, SessionProjector.node, SessionStore.node, Session.node]),
-    [Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })), SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer)],
+    [
+      Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
+      SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
+      offlineModels,
+    ],
   ),
 )
 const projectIt = testEffect(
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-move.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-move.test.ts
index f465e53b296..2f297fbe5fa 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-move.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-move.test.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { SessionProjector } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/projector"
 import { SessionRunner } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/runner/index"
 import { SessionStore } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/store"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { globalProjectNode } from "./lib/project"
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ import { globalProjectNode } from "./lib/project"
 const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(
     LayerNode.group([Database.node, Bus.node, SessionProjector.node, SessionStore.node, Session.node]),
-    [Project.node.replace(globalProjectNode), SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer)],
+    [Project.node.replace(globalProjectNode), SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer), offlineModels],
   ),
 )
 const itWithActiveExecution = testEffect(
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ const itWithActiveExecution = testEffect(
             (ref: Location.Ref) =>
               Layer.merge(
                 LayerNode.compile(Location.boundNode(ref), {
-                  replacements: [Project.node.replace(globalProjectNode)],
+                  replacements: [Project.node.replace(globalProjectNode), offlineModels],
                 }),
                 Layer.succeed(SessionRunner.Service, { drain: () => Effect.never }),
               ) as unknown as Layer.Layer<LocationServices>,
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-remove.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-remove.test.ts
index 30c20c2d367..42b4e7d49a7 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-remove.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-remove.test.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import { SessionEnvironment } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/environment"
 import { LocationServiceMap } from "@opencode-ai/core/location-services"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { globalProjectNode } from "./lib/project"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 
 const closed: Session.ID[] = []
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
       Project.node.replace(globalProjectNode),
       SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
       SessionModelTransport.node.replace(transport),
+      offlineModels,
     ],
   ),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-revert.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-revert.test.ts
index 93afd034201..629a5f3693e 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-revert.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-revert.test.ts
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import { Money } from "@opencode-ai/schema/money"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { Global } from "@opencode-ai/util/global"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
       Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
       Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
       SessionExecution.node.replace(SessionExecution.noopLayer),
+      offlineModels,
     ],
   ),
 )
diff --git a/packages/core/test/session-shell.test.ts b/packages/core/test/session-shell.test.ts
index d95d17a3b64..ecff6a27693 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/session-shell.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/session-shell.test.ts
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { SessionRunCoordinator } from "@opencode-ai/core/session/run-coordinator
 import { Shell } from "@opencode-ai/core/shell"
 import { LayerNode } from "@opencode-ai/util/effect/layer-node"
 import { location } from "./fixture/location"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([Bus.node, Session.node, SessionExecution.node, LocationServiceMap.node]), [
     Bus.node.replace(Bus.configured({ persist: true })),
     SessionExecution.node.replace(executionLayer.pipe(Layer.provide(controlLayer))),
+    offlineModels,
   ]).pipe(Layer.provideMerge(controlLayer)),
 )
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-shell.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-shell.test.ts
index 02132ccfd2d..294c116a9c2 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-shell.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-shell.test.ts
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import { ToolOutput } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool-output"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool"
 import { tmpdir, tmpdirScoped } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { permissionLayer } from "./lib/permission"
 import { Expected } from "./lib/session-message"
@@ -155,6 +156,7 @@ const replacements = [
   SessionExecution.node.replace(executionNode),
   Permission.node.replace(permission),
   Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+  offlineModels,
 ] satisfies LayerNode.Replacements
 const productionIt = testEffect(AppNodeBuilder.build(nodes, replacements))
 const it = testEffect(
@@ -165,6 +167,7 @@ const permissionIt = testEffect(
     SessionExecution.node.replace(executionNode),
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
     PluginSupervisor.node.replace(shellPluginSupervisor),
+    offlineModels,
   ]),
 )
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/tool-subagent.test.ts b/packages/core/test/tool-subagent.test.ts
index f767a27cc56..6b800e1c7a8 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/tool-subagent.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/tool-subagent.test.ts
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ import { SubagentTool } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool/plugin/subagent"
 import { Tool } from "@opencode-ai/core/tool"
 import { tmpdir } from "./fixture/tmpdir"
 import { tempGlobalLayer } from "./fixture/global"
+import { offlineModels } from "./fixture/models"
 import { testEffect } from "./lib/effect"
 import { executeTool, registerToolPlugin, toolIdentity } from "./lib/tool"
 
@@ -120,6 +121,7 @@ const nodes = LayerNode.group([
 const replacements = [
   SessionExecution.node.replace(executionNode),
   Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+  offlineModels,
 ] satisfies LayerNode.Replacements
 const productionIt = testEffect(AppNodeBuilder.build(nodes, replacements))
 const it = testEffect(
@@ -128,6 +130,7 @@ const it = testEffect(
 const completionIt = testEffect(
   AppNodeBuilder.build(LayerNode.group([nodes, SessionRestart.node, KV.node]), [
     Global.node.replace(tempGlobalLayer),
+    offlineModels,
     PluginSupervisor.node.replace(subagentPluginSupervisor),
     LayerNodePlatform.llmClient.replace(TestLLM.testLayer({ fallback: TestLLM.text(childText, "completion") })),
     SessionRunnerModel.node.replace(
diff --git a/packages/server/test/fixture/server.ts b/packages/server/test/fixture/server.ts
index fb7767317be..8eeeece1860 100644
--- a/packages/server/test/fixture/server.ts
+++ b/packages/server/test/fixture/server.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ export const startServer = Effect.fnUntraced(function* (directory: string) {
     database: { path: ":memory:" },
     config: { directory },
     fs: { filewatcher: false },
+    models: { fetch: false },
   })
   return {
     base: HttpServer.formatAddress(server.address),
diff --git a/packages/server/test/generate.test.ts b/packages/server/test/generate.test.ts
index a61c4f0ec0f..cb0a8f57bbf 100644
--- a/packages/server/test/generate.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/test/generate.test.ts
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ it.live("uses base configuration without depending on process.cwd()", () =>
         database: { path: ":memory:" },
         config: { directory: global },
         fs: { filewatcher: false },
+        models: { fetch: false },
       },
       { overrides: [Generate.node.replace(generate)] },
     )
diff --git a/packages/server/test/session-message-update.test.ts b/packages/server/test/session-message-update.test.ts
index 49b0b72eb2b..91f4c64c722 100644
--- a/packages/server/test/session-message-update.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/test/session-message-update.test.ts
@@ -55,7 +55,12 @@ it.live("updates completed assistant message content through the session HTTP AP
       }),
     )
     const handler = yield* ServerFetch.make(
-      { app: { version: "test-version" }, database: { path: ":memory:" }, fs: { filewatcher: false } },
+      {
+        app: { version: "test-version" },
+        database: { path: ":memory:" },
+        fs: { filewatcher: false },
+        models: { fetch: false },
+      },
       {
         overrides: [
           SessionExecution.node.replace(
diff --git a/packages/server/test/vcs.test.ts b/packages/server/test/vcs.test.ts
index 8a52d94bb83..11ad26d1b84 100644
--- a/packages/server/test/vcs.test.ts
+++ b/packages/server/test/vcs.test.ts
@@ -81,7 +81,12 @@ it.live("maps a failing base provider to HTTP 503 instead of null metadata", ()
   Effect.gen(function* () {
     const tmp = yield* Effect.acquireDisposable(Effect.promise(() => tmpdir("opencode-vcs-failure-")))
     const handler = yield* ServerFetch.make(
-      { database: { path: ":memory:" }, config: { directory: tmp.path }, fs: { filewatcher: false } },
+      {
+        database: { path: ":memory:" },
+        config: { directory: tmp.path },
+        fs: { filewatcher: false },
+        models: { fetch: false },
+      },
       {
         overrides: [
           SdkPlugins.node.replace(