Added codes for finding values of elements in full wave rectifier. (#9896)

* Added various code for calculating values of elements in full wave rectifier circuit.

I have written a code for calculating various values in a full wave rectifier circuit.
This code includes code for calculating the following elements :

1. MAX load current
2. DC current
3. DC voltage
4. MAX current
5. RMS current
6. RMS voltage

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* Rename fwr..py to fwr.py

* Update variable names

* Refactor docstrings in full_wave_rectifier.py

Updated docstrings for clarity and consistency.

* Fix typo in ValueError message for resistances

* Fix error message for invalid resistance value

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

electronics/full_wave_rectifier.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+from typing import NamedTuple
+
+
+class Result(NamedTuple):
+    name: str
+    value: float
+
+
+def max_load_current(rf: float, rs: float, rl: float, vm: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function can calculate the maximum load current(Im)
+    in a full-wave rectifier circuit.
+    Im = maximum load current
+    rf = Forward Resistance of the diode
+    rs = Transformer secondary winding resistance
+    rl = load resistance
+    vm = maximum voltage or peak voltage
+    Cases:-
+    >>> max_load_current(rf=2 , rs=4 , rl=6 , vm=15 )
+    Result(name='max_load_current', value=1.25)
+    >>> max_load_current(rf=2 , rs=4 , rl=6 , vm=0 )
+    Result(name='max_load_current', value=0.0)
+    >>> max_load_current(rf=2 , rs=-4 , rl=6 , vm=15 )
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Resistance cannot be negative
+    >>> max_load_current(rf=0 , rs=0 , rl=0 , vm=15 )
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: At least one Resistance must be non-zero
+    """
+    if (rf, rs, rl).count(0) == 3:
+        raise ValueError("At least one Resistance must be non-zero")
+    elif rf < 0 or rs < 0 or rl < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Resistance cannot be negative")
+    elif vm == 0:
+        return Result("max_load_current", vm / (rf + rs + rl))
+    else:
+        return Result("max_load_current", vm / (rf + rs + rl))
+
+
+def dc_current(im: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function can calculate the Average DC Current(Idc) in a circuit.
+    In all cases, a negative sign shows
+    the opposite direction of current or voltage.
+    Idc = average direct current (DC)
+    im = maximum current or peak current
+    cases:
+    >>> dc_current(im=2)
+    Result(name='Idc', value=1.272)
+    >>> dc_current(im=0)
+    Result(name='Idc', value=0.0)
+    """
+    return Result("Idc", 2 * im * 0.318)
+
+
+def dc_voltage(vm: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function can calculate the Average DC Voltage(Vdc) in a circuit.
+    In all cases, a negative sign shows
+    the opposite direction of current or voltage.
+    Vdc = average direct current (DC)
+    vm = maximum voltage or peak voltage
+    cases:
+    >>> dc_voltage(vm=2)
+    Result(name='Vdc', value=1.272)
+    >>> dc_voltage(vm=0)
+    Result(name='Vdc', value=0.0)
+    """
+    return Result("Vdc", 2 * 0.318 * vm)
+
+
+def max_current(vm: float, rl: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function can calculate the maximum current(Im) in a circuit.
+    In all cases, a negative sign shows the
+    opposite direction of current or voltage.
+    vm = maximum voltage or peak voltage
+    rl = load resistance
+    cases:
+    >>> max_current(vm=2, rl=5)
+    Result(name='Max_current_Im', value=0.4)
+    >>> max_current(vm=2, rl=-5)
+    Traceback (most recent call last):
+        ...
+    ValueError: Resistance cannot be negative or equal to zero
+
+    """
+    if rl <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("Resistance cannot be negative or equal to zero")
+    else:
+        return Result("Max_current_Im", vm / rl)
+
+
+def rms_current(im: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function calculates the RMS(Root Mean Square) value of current(Irms).
+    In all cases, a negative sign shows
+    the opposite direction of current or voltage.
+    Irms = Root Mean Square Value of current
+    im = maximum current or peak current
+    cases:
+    >>> rms_current(im=10)
+    Result(name='Irms', value=7.069999999999999)
+    >>> rms_current(im=0)
+    Result(name='Irms', value=0.0)
+    """
+    return Result("Irms", im * 0.707)
+
+
+def rms_voltage(vm: float) -> tuple:
+    """
+    This function calculates the RMS(Root Mean Square) value of voltage(Vrms).
+    In all cases, a negative sign shows
+    the opposite direction of current or voltage.
+    Vrms = Root Mean Square Value of voltage
+    vm = maximum voltage or peak voltage
+    cases:
+    >>> rms_voltage(vm=20)
+    Result(name='Vrms', value=14.139999999999999)
+    >>> rms_voltage(vm=0)
+    Result(name='Vrms', value=0.0)
+    """
+    return Result("Vrms", vm * 0.707)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()